Common sources like D65, TL84, and CWF mimic daylight, store, home, and fluorescent lighting, and are used to provide conditions for dependable color comparison.

In the study of chemical reactions, calorimetry deals with changes in heat (energy and enthalpy). Spectrophotometry is the measurement of the light absorbance or light transmittance to determine the concentration or color of a solution. The first one monitors the thermal processes, whereas the second one addresses the aspects of light and color.

When using a Pantone light box, each sample should be positioned flat and nearby the other samples, but not overlapping. Each one should also be in the middle of the light box, and the surfaces of the light box should be clean and non-reflective.

To determine haze, haze meters are used in multiple industries such as plastic, glass, film, coating, and displays. This ensures that all optical quality of the product is in the appropriate specification, including aesthetic compliance and meeting the intercontinental quality standards.

To take care of a haze meter to make it last longer, ensure that it is cleaned, recalibrated regularly, and stored in a dry, dust-free place. 

A digital coating thickness gauge is used to measure the thickness of dried paint. It measures coating thickness specification non-destructively, helping to maintain consistent quality and performance.

 A spectrophotometer illuminates a sample with light or passes light through it and records the reflected or transmitted light over the wavelength range. It transforms this data into color coordinates (such as L*a*b*), allowing accurate color assessment as well as color comparison to standards.

A colorimeter is used to measure absorbance at selected wavelengths with the help of filters, which is suitable for rapid comparison of colors. A more advanced spectrophotometer has a monochromator. It can measure a larger range of the spectrum of light and is more accurate. You can also get detailed color data at visible and non-visible wavelengths.

A colorimeter measures the amount of light and the wavelength that is absorbed by a solution. It is a sign that colored compounds are present and the level of their concentration. It is applied in the laboratory and industry to check the concentrations of chemicals, the color of products, and purity.

The automotive, aerospace, metal finishing, marine, construction, and manufacturing industries utilize and rely on coating thickness gauges the most. They ensure that coatings are within the expected criteria for functionality, safety, and durability.